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Types of fiber optic cables

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Types of fiber optic cables

Multimode fiber and single-mode fiber are the two primary types of fiber optic cable.

Single-mode fiber

Single-mode fiber is used for longer distances due to the smaller diameter of the glass fiber core. This smaller diameter lessens the possibility for attenuation, which is a reduction in signal strength. The smaller opening isolates the light into a single beam, offering a more direct route and enabling the signal to travel a longer distance.

Single-mode fiber also has a considerably higher bandwidth than multimode fiber. The light source used for single-mode fiber is typically a laser. Single-mode fiber is usually more expensive as it requires precise calculations to produce the laser light in a smaller opening.

Multimode fiber

Multimode fiber is used for shorter distances because the larger core opening enables light signals to bounce and reflect more along the way. The larger diameter permits multiple light pulses to be sent through the cable at one time, which results in more data transmission. This also means there is more possibility for signal loss, reduction or interference, however. Multimode fiber optics typically uses an LED to create the light pulse.